1	From last time… Identifiers: Locating a resource via a permanent channel Solving the appropriate copy problem Accessibility and limiting access part of the same problem Copyright issues Is copyright important for a particular scenario / document? If so, how to protect it? Determining scope of property rights?
2	Two worlds: digital and print media
3	Models for digital economies Subscription fees Per month, per year Connection time fee Per minute (e.g., Mead Data Central) Advertising By an interested party other economic models apply here Access fee Per download, may not have profile to remember that you accessed this resource before Per-byte fee Typical of connection services (e.g., Broadband)
4	Cost structuring Movie distribution as a possible model (Lesk, p. 206)
5	Access versus ownership With DL materials we can’t really track ownership, just access Trend towards microanalysis Publisher: better targeted marketing Library: better profile of user community
6	Crisis for publishers Ease of publication allows more information to be free And for people to break copyright (perhaps accidentally) Ease of accessing (free) information deters users from accessing more cumbersome-to-use sources Traditional functions of publishers are taken on by free services Free e-journals do rigorous peer review Search engines act as distributor
7	Self-archiving To deposit a digital document in a publicly accessible website. Preprint: before copyright restrictions have been signed Not a true publication*: hasn’t been peer-reviewed, not in prestigious publication. Detractors: accessibility will hurt future revenues of the journal Perhaps 60-80% of a publisher’s budget doesn’t go towards the direct publication costs
8	E-prints Differing acceptance from different fields Physics: accept only if concurrently preprinted Medicine, Business: accept only if not preprinted E-journal model: who assumes the cost? Authoring a text Author Peer review Peers Marketing Search engine Editor E journal Publication E journal (disk space and expertise)
9	Peer review limitations Goal of peer review is to insure: Previous work adequately acknowledged Experimental methodology realistic and reproducible Analysis of data justifies conclusions Peters and Ceci (82): Resubmitted 12 psychology articles already published with different author names, 8 of 9 recommended against acceptance and were rejected “serious methodological flaw”, not because of déjà vu. Inglefinger study of NEJM reviewers: Concordance of reviews only slightly better than chance Reviewers not skilled in all areas of a study, unable to discern poor writing and have their own biases
10	Legal Deposit
11	Internet Archive and Bookmobile Internet Archive http://www.archive.org An archive of the www “The goal of universal access to our cultural heritage is within our grasp.” Are these examples of legal deposit? Who funds this initiative? Internet Bookmobile Prints out of copyright books for reading Over 1m books $1 USD per book printed
12	Preservation Y2K – two digits to mean four If you knew COBOL, you could get a high paid job. Legacy systems and knowledge need to be preserved Use standard formats! Media lifetime Tape 15 years CDR 10-50 years HD 30 years Software/Hardware lifetime New hardware 3-7 years Software cycles faster How to access old files, applications?
13	The Digital Divide A case of the rich getting richer?
14	Undoing the Divide Can use access rights to impose an unequal payment scheme Blackwell’s – all 600 journals made free to the Russian Federation. JSTOR – cost to access its DL depends on the size of the organization. Open source movement – make software available to anyone
15	Libraries of the Future Immediate, random-access to recent knowledge May not understand foundation material More effort in selection of materials Publisher models changing, unifying International policy becoming more prominent Customized books as the future?
16	To think about… How does the economics of libraries and the information explosion influence publication rates? What about as we make the transition to the digital library? Do you think self-archiving and e-journal venues pose a threat to the journal publisher? As a single site, the Internet Archives, cannot keep track of all web pages on the web Can you think of a better solution? How would you go about designing a national web page archive for Singapore?
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18	References Copyright in Singapore http://www.ipos.gov.sg/newdesign/indexpage/inner_frame.html?section=aboutip&sub=4 Self-Archiving FAQ http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/ JSTOR www.jstor.org The future of libraries? Stephenson, Neal (00) Diamond Age: A young lady’s illustrated primer, Doubleday