thirty-one participants at Richard B. Harrison Library in Raleigh, North Carolina took part in the study. They were observed using the Internet and/or the Web catalog and interviewed before and after their sessions. Results identified four information seeking patterns, distinguished by the number of search approaches used. The approaches included, linking, use of search engines, URL use, online catalog use and searching within a web-site domain.

Current notions of online information seeking are, in part, are shaped by our understanding of end-user interactions with traditional online catalogs. Numerous studies reveal users' conceptual and technical problems with online catalogs and foretell potential challenges with new technology.

In [Slone02], they study the commingling of online catalogs with the Internet and call for an examination of the effects of this merger on end-users.  Specifically, it examined the influences of goals and user understandings on user search patterns.