lFor any sentence α, variable v, and
constant symbol k that does not appear
elsewhere in the knowledge
base:
l$v α
lSubst({v/k}, α)
lE.g., $x Crown(x) Ù OnHead(x,John) yields:
lCrown(C1) Ù OnHead(C1,John)
l provided
C1 is a new constant
symbol, called a Skolem constant